Therefore, reading white text from a black screen or tablet may be a way to inhibit myopia, while conventional black text on white background may stimulate myopia. Studies both in animal models and in humans have shown that thinner choroids are associated with myopia development and thicker choroids with myopia inhibition. Using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in young human subjects, we found that the choroid, the heavily perfused layer behind the retina in the eye, becomes about 16 μm thinner in only one hour when subjects read black text on white background but about 10 μm thicker when they read white text from black background. Conversely, white text on black paper overstimulated ON pathways. However, black text on white paper heavily overstimulated retinal OFF pathways. We found that ON and OFF inputs were largely balanced in natural environments.
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Using custom-developed software to process video frames of the visual environment in realtime we quantified relative ON and OFF stimulus strengths. This is likely to be true also in humans.
Work in animal models has shown that selective activation of ON or OFF pathways has also selective effects on eye growth. We propose a new and perhaps unexpected reason. It is still not clear which kind of visual experience stimulates eye growth in children and students when they study. Myopia is tightly linked to the educational status and is on the rise worldwide. In myopia the eye grows too long, generating poorly focused retinal images when people try to look at a distance.
Reading and Myopia: Contrast Polarity MattersĪndrea C.
Science black background against short sightedness
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